Pipa acquired a number of Chinese symbolisms during the Han dynasty - the instrument length of three feet five inches represents the three realms (heaven, earth, and man) and the five elements, while the four strings represent the four seasons. However, depictions of the pear-shaped pipas in China only appeared after the Han dynasty during the Jin dynasty in the late 4th to early 5th century. The pear-shaped pipa may have been introduced during the Han dynasty and was referred to as Han pipa. Pear-shaped lutes have been depicted in Kusana sculptures from the 1st century AD. The pear-shaped pipa is likely to have been introduced to China from Central Asia, Gandhara, and/or India. Musicians in a scene from paradise, Yulin Cave 25, Tang dynasty Yet another term used in ancient text was Qinhanzi (秦漢子), perhaps similar to Qin pipa with a straight neck and a round body, but modern opinions differ on its precise form. This may have given rise to the Qin pipa, an instrument with a straight neck and a round sound box, and evolved into ruan, an instrument named after Ruan Xian, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove and known for playing similar instrument. An instrument called xiantao (弦鼗), made by stretching strings over a small drum with handle, was said to have been played by labourers who constructed the Great Wall of China during the late Qin dynasty. Another Han dynasty text, Fengsu Tongyi, also indicates that, at that time, pipa was a recent arrival, although later 3rd-century texts from the Jin dynasty suggest that pipa existed in China as early as the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC). Liu Xi also stated that the instrument called pipa, though written differently ( 枇杷 pípá or 批把 pībǎ) in the earliest texts, originated from amongst the Hu people (a general term for non-Han people living to the north and west of ancient China). According to Liu Xi's Eastern Han dynasty Dictionary of Names, the word pipa may have an onomatopoeic origin (the word being similar to the sounds the instrument makes), although modern scholarship suggests a possible derivation from the Persian word " barbat", the two theories however are not necessarily mutually exclusive. The earliest mention of pipa in Chinese texts appeared late in the Han dynasty around the 2nd century AD. Modern researchers such as Laurence Picken, Shigeo Kishibe, and John Myers suggested a non-Chinese origin. Traditional Chinese narrative prefers the story of the Han Chinese Princess Liu Xijun sent to marry a barbarian Wusun king during the Han dynasty, with the pipa being invented so she could play music on horseback to soothe her longings. This may be due to the fact that the word pipa was used in ancient texts to describe a variety of plucked chordophones of the period from the Qin to the Tang dynasty, including the long-necked spiked lute and the short-necked lute, as well as the differing accounts given in these ancient texts. There are some confusions and disagreements about the origin of pipa. The Korean instrument is the only one of the three that is no longer widely used.įurther information: History of lute-family instruments § Short-necked lutes Several related instruments are derived from the pipa, including the Japanese biwa and Korean bipa in East Asia, and the Vietnamese đàn tỳ bà in Southeast Asia. The pipa is one of the most popular Chinese instruments and has been played for almost two thousand years in China. The pear-shaped instrument may have existed in China as early as the Han dynasty, and although historically the term pipa was once used to refer to a variety of plucked chordophones, its usage since the Song dynasty refers exclusively to the pear-shaped instrument. Another Chinese four-string plucked lute is the liuqin, which looks like a smaller version of the pipa. Sometimes called the "Chinese lute", the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body with a varying number of frets ranging from 12 to 31. The pipa, pípá, or p'i-p'a ( Chinese: 琵琶) is a traditional Chinese musical instrument belonging to the plucked category of instruments.
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For others, it'll continue providing hours of trendsetting activities for them to pursue. The international version also supplies ordinary LibreOffice rather than the proprietary-freeware WPS Office we found in the Chinese download of Ubuntu Kylin 22.04. But it's also a new way to express yourself and explore the world while keeping in close contact with people you care about and those with who you share common ground. The Chinese app store has a category for Android apps, but this doesnt work on the international edition because no Android runtime is provided. Obviously, Instagram will always be a simple photo-sharing app at heart for many users. You can also plug in your Instagram account to any other of your favorite social networks like Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, or Foursquare simply by tapping on the social share button. Now you can experience a different view of the world from a more local perspective and instantly glance at other users' snapshots no matter where they're located. Easily find content relating to your interests by running a quick search and tag your posts to make them more visible by adding hashtags. But now, Instagram has scooped up features that originated on Snapchat, including facial filters (masks), live-streaming videos, stories, and the new release of IGTV.ĭespite its many attributes, Instagram's ubiquity truly lies in its capacity to cause interaction among users who are endlessly supplied with heaps of the best videos, pictures, and moments on the internet. Start Chrome: Windows 10 and up: A Chrome window opens after everything is done. If you're asked, 'Do you want to allow this app to make changes to your device,' click Yes. Initially, Instagram's main function revolved around embellishing your photos with a series of filters and unique frames like XPro-II, Earlybird, Lo-fi, Sutro, Toaster, Brannan, Inkwell, Walden, Hefe, Nashville, or 1977. If you choose Save, to start installation, either: Double-click the download. After evolving from a simple photo filter app, it took on many features to add a more social aspect to sharing your photos-quickly emerging as one of the top social networks among young and old alike. For OpenSuse 11.4 you need to download the latest rpm from and to install it on. Nowadays, the infamous platform is a daily event in millions of people's lives. automount your android device when connecting it. However, you should also know that if your phone has Google apps pre-installed then it would be seeded automatically in the background.Not too long ago, Instagram was just your regular über-popular photo app that was only on iOS. If downloads from the Play Store aren’t complete, try the troubleshooting steps you can’t from the Google Play Store.
/freeorphanedchains: Use with FAT/FAT32/exFAT only./offlinescanandfix: Runs an offline scan and fix on the volume. Garbage collect unneeded security descriptor data (implies /f). This may have a negative performance impact on other tasks running on the system. Uses more system resources to complete a scan as fast as possible. Bypass all online repair all defects found are queued for offline repair (for example, chkdsk /spotfix). forceofflinefix must be used with /scan. Use this parameter after imaging a volume to a new hard disk drive. Clears the list of bad clusters on the volume and rescans all allocated and free clusters for errors. If you omit the size parameter, /l displays the current size. Changes the log file size to the size you type. Does not check cycles within the folder structure, which reduces the amount of time required to run chkdsk. Performs a less vigorous check of index entries, which reduces the amount of time required to run chkdsk. /i: Use with the new technology file system (NTFS) only.x also includes the functionality of /f. All open handles to the drive are invalidated. /x: Forces the volume to dismount first, if necessary.r includes the functionality of /f, with the additional analysis of physical disk errors. /r: Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information./v: Displays the name of each file in every directory as the disk is checked.If chkdsk cannot lock the drive, a message appears that asks you if you want to check the drive the next time you restart the computer. You can use the ? and * wildcard characters to specify multiple files. Specifies the location and name of a file or set of files that chkdsk will check for fragmentation. : Use with file allocation table (FAT) and FAT32 only.: Specifies the drive letter (followed by a colon), mount point or volume name.The basic chkdsk syntax and the associated parameters and switches include:Ĭhkdsk ]] ] While chkdsk can be used from the Windows graphical user interface (GUI), it is most often associated with the command prompt. When used without parameters, chkdsk displays only the status of the volume and does not fix any errors. Chkdsk is a hold over from disk operating systems (DOS) and has been included as part of every Windows operating system since the beginning. The utility chkdsk, short for “check disk,” will scan the file system and file system metadata of a hard drive for logical and physical errors. A rundown on the chkdsk utility in Windows 11 This is why Windows users with mechanical hard drives should take a moment once a month to perform basic maintenance and run a reliable utility called chkdsk. Throughout modern personal computer history, the mechanical hard drive has been notorious for failing at the most inopportune moments. SEE: Quick glossary: Storage (TechRepublic Premium)įor those running Windows and using mechanical hard drives, the importance is even more pressing because that storage medium remains most vulnerable to immediate failure. The diligent maintenance of our storage devices and the systematic back up of data is still important for Windows 11 users, even in the age of solid-state drives (SSDs) and cloud servers. Whether it is through normal use, mishandling or the mere passage of time, our storage devices are destined to fail and/or become obsolete. There is one indisputable and inevitable truth about storage technology: It will eventually fail. Top Security Tools for Developers in 2023Ħ Best DevSecOps Certification Courses in 2023 TIOBE Index News (December 2023): Smaller Programming Languages Are Rising in Popularity Image: Mark Kaelin Must-read developer coverage For more info, visit our Terms of Use page. This may influence how and where their products appear on our site, but vendors cannot pay to influence the content of our reviews. We may be compensated by vendors who appear on this page through methods such as affiliate links or sponsored partnerships. Regular maintenance with a Windows 11 utility may prevent a major catastrophe. Hard drives are destined to fail, resulting in lost data. How and why to run chkdsk to scan and repair a Windows 11 hard drive TRICARE beneficiaries are eligible to call the Military Health System (MHS) Nurse Advice Line to get help making decisions regarding acute health problems. Note: TRICARE Overseas Program enrollees who are traveling and seeking stateside urgent care do not require a referral.
In this article we show you how you can install VLC media player in Ubuntu 20.04, also we demonstrated how to update it, using two methods GUI and terminal. To remove VLC from Ubuntu just run: sudo apt remove vlc Conclusion Any package gets update when you perform a system update: sudo apt upgrade Uninstall/Remove VLC from Ubuntu You can also update it by updating everything. To update VLC you can either update it directly: sudo apt -only-upgrade install vlc You can update or remove VLC from Ubuntu software, or from the command line. Note that vlc here in lowercase, the -y flag can be omitted and instead type y as an answer to the prompt and hit Enter.Įither way, you will have VLC media player installed in your machine, you can run it by searching your app menu for it, alternatively you can run it by executing the next command in a terminal window. Now you can install VLC, just run this command. Then update the apt package list by running this command. Open a terminal either graphically or by pressing t while holding both Ctrl and Alt keys. An upside to this method is ensuring you get the latest version that is present in Ubuntu repositories, as well as all of its dependencies. If you are comfortable using the terminal, then this method is for you.
Are lactose-fermenting bacteria Gram-negative? Both coliforms and enteros are good indicator organisms for sanitation in water and food, as they come from the same places, grow well under the same conditions and are killed in similar fashion as many pathogensįor Coliforms, Enteros and other microbiology testing available from Express Micro Science, please click on food testing.What bacteria are lactose-fermenting Gram-negative rods?Į.coli are facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacilli that will ferment lactose to produce hydrogen sulfide.Not all enteros can grow on lactose alone but most can.Coliforms prefer lactose as their sugar source but can metabolize glucose.All coliforms are enteros but not all enteros are coliforms.In fact most other foods glucose or sucrose, which contains glucose, is much more common so the more general VRBGA should be used to capture as many indicator bacteria as possible. In meat where glucose is more prevalent but always at a low level overall, the number of Coliforms and Enteros would probably be very similar. The theory being not all Enteros can metabolize lactose but all Coliforms can metabolize glucose so the Coliform media is slightly more selective than the Entero media.īut how does this effect your test report? If you asked for both Coliforms and Enteros on the same sample, it would depend on the sample type if any real differences in the result would ensue.įor example, dairy products primary sugar is lactose so Coliforms grow better in these products and should probably be grown up on a lactose based agar. In the laboratory we use slightly different agars to grow Coliforms and Enteros, the difference being Coliforms metabolise lactose better than glucose so we use lactose as the main sugar when testing for Coliforms (Violet Red Bile Agar) and glucose for Enteros (Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar). Therefore it is a good indication that if these bacteria are high in a food the likelihood of more sinister bacteria being present increases and vice versa.īut can these bacteria groups really be used interchangeably? Most of them do not cause illness but where they come from, the environments in which they grow well and the way they die is the same for most foodborne pathogens. In any case, when testing food in a microbiology lab, there isn’t a whole lot of difference between the two.īoth Coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae (Enteros) are used as indicator organisms in microbiology. That may be how Wikipedia works, one person wrote one article and another wrote the other so the style is somewhat different. One might get the impression these are two completely different groups of bacteria. Other disease-causing bacteria in this family include Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter.” “The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes, along with many harmless symbionts, many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella, and Shigella. They are a commonly used indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water.” “Coliform bacteria are defined as rod-shaped Gram-negative non- spore forming and motile or non-motile bacteria which can ferment lactose with the production of acid and gas when incubated at 35–37☌. If you look up Coliforms and Enterobacteriaceae in Wikipedia and read the first two lines: Sending an international wire with your regular bank can be expensive. How to avoid international wire transfer fees Once you’re at the branch, a member of the service team will walk you through the payment procedure. It may be more convenient to make an appointment at your local branch before you go there – this will also give you the opportunity to double check all the details you need so you know you have everything prepared before you leave home. If you prefer a face to face service you can also send a Bank of America wire at a branch. You’ll be prompted to check everything over and confirm the transfer – and your money will be on its way. You may need to complete an additional verification step at this stage. Select the Make transfer tab, and enter the amount, currency, recipient and date of the payment. You’ll be asked to complete a verification step at this stage for security reasons. The option to do this is available on screen, simply tap and follow the prompts to add the recipient’s personal and banking information, including the details set out above. If this is the first time you have sent a payment to this recipient you’ll need to add them to your account. Tap or hover over the Transfer/Zelle menu, and then select Transfer and To/from other banks (includes wires). Log into your Bank of America account in your preferred way. Log into online or mobile banking and select the Transfer option.Let’s first look at how to send a Bank of America wire online and in the mobile app – this is usually the most convenient option, whether you’re sending a payment locally or overseas. Once you’ve gathered all the information you need to wire a payment, these are the steps to take, depending on whether you’re making your transfer digitally or in person. You’ll be guided through the transfer process online or in a Bank of America branch, to make sure you have everything you need. If you’re sending payments through a Bank of America business account, you may also be asked to provide further information about the transaction. If you’re sending a high value payment, for example, you may also need to provide information about the source of the funds, for compliance and verification reasons. Ultimately, the exact details you need will depend on the specific payment you want to make. Intermediary bank information – optional.Reason for payment (this applies for select countries only).If your wire payment is going overseas you’ll probably also need: Account holder’s bank name and bank account number.To make sure your payment can be processed smoothly, you’ll be asked to provide: You may need to make an appointment in advance before you head to your local branch – so do check out the details before you visit. Learn more About Wise Learn more about OFX Bank of America Wire TransfersĪs a Bank of America customer you’ll be able to make a wire transfer online or in the Bank of America mobile banking service, or by attending a branch in person. We’ll cover how to wire money with Bank of America, as well as alternative specialist online options for cross-border payments, including Wise and OFX which can offer better exchange rates, lower fees, and faster delivery times compared to Bank of America. If you’re a Bank of America account holder, you may be looking for easy ways to send wire payments to others at home and abroad. Best bank to transfer money internationallyīank of America is one of the Big 4 of American banks, serving millions of customers with retail and commercial banking locations throughout the US.Best foreign currency accounts in the USA.Complete international wire transfer guide. The thriller film genre contains subgenres other than the noir crime film and murder mystery, including the psychological thriller, or suspense stories of illicit romance and sexual obsession. Martin, Sexy Thrills: Undressing the Erotic Thriller The predominating syntax that shapes these films combines romanticized, "erotic" appeal with a dangerous "thriller" narrative – a "pleasure/danger" principle. Definition Īccording to British film studies professor Linda Ruth Williams, "Erotic thrillers are noirish stories of sexual intrigue incorporating some form of criminality or duplicity, often as the flimsy framework for onscreen softcore sex". By the end of the 1990s, market saturation, audience fatigue, cultural changes and the rise of the Internet led to the decline of the genre's popular appeal and production volume. The direct-to-video erotic thriller wave from 1985-2005 produced over 700 films. The popularity of the genre spawned a lucrative cottage industry for the burgeoning home video and cable television markets. Studio films of this "classic period", such as Paul Verhoeven's Basic Instinct, were box office successes, helmed by big-name directors, and starred high-profile actors. Įrotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s, bolstered by the popular success of Fatal Attraction in 1987 and continuing into the early 1990s. Though exact definitions of the erotic thriller can vary, it is generally agreed "bodily danger and pleasure must remain in close proximity and equally important to the plot." Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity, though the frequency and explicitness of those scenes can differ from film to film. Smash Hit was created by Mediocre AB.The erotic thriller is a film subgenre defined as a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy. If you enjoy shooting things and want to discover the genre, visit our other shooting games! Developer Let nothing stand on your way as you steadily move closer to your final destination Challenge yourself through 10 levels and try to achieve the highest score you can. Show those daring objects not to cross your path again. Turn your left mouse button into your instrument of destruction and watch the broken glass fly around as you wreak havoc. Crashing into them would decrease your time massively, so try to avoid it! Some of the objects will be located right on your path and you should hit to remove them from your way. Completing each level to %100 before you run out of time will grant you 3 stars so challenge yourself to collect them all! Some of your targets will be located at the edges of your screen, and can be quite hard to aim for. After every successful hit, you earn a few seconds and shots back. To add to the challenge, you also have limited time and shots. The world moves constantly so you should adjust your aim accordingly. Aim with your mouse and press your left mouse button to shoot. Your aim is to destroy as many objects as you can before they block your way. Smash Hit offers smooth gameplay without any overly complex mechanics. Now that it’s been optimized for browsers, you can continue the mayhem on laptop and PC! Delve into a world of fragile objects, and quench your desire to destroy things by smashing crystals of many shapes without worrying about facing any consequences! The power of destruction and the sounds of breaking glass is at your fingertips! Watch your step. Get ready to break things because Smash Hit is here! Since the day of its release on mobile devices, Smash Hit has become one of the most downloaded apps currently available. Smash Hit is a 3D arcade game, which is suitable for all ages. Step 3: Install the monitor after removing the original mirror, and plug the car charger, things done! We recommend doing a benchmark test before installation to ensure that all components are working properly. Step 2: Connect the red wire of the transmitter to reverse light(+) and black wire to any metal ground screw. Step 1: Install the backup camera to your existing license plate & connect to the wireless transmitter. Why Choose this T1400 Upgraded Wireless Backup Camera Kit? Easy Installation without running wire from rear to front. T1400 Upgrade Wireless Backup Camera Kit, Auto Adjusting Brightness Car Rear View Mirror for Most Car Model. And it works well from -13? If you live in a region with frigid or torrid temperatures, this camera is a good choice. Backup Camera with Durable Ability:IP68 waterproof standard makes sure it wouldn’t be penetrated by the rain or dust. It can supply light in the dark area, you can see the things behind your car clearly even at night. Super Night Vision: The 6 LED light of rear view camera can automatically switch on/off according to the ambient light. Stable Signal Transmission:The wireless transmission can reach up to 100 meters in open area, it can send strong signals to the monitor, which provides you a high definition image without interference and flickers. And it can be anti-vibrated under various bumpy road, working as well as the original one. High Compatibility With OEM Look:There are 4 size of brackets in package to meet the different market needs, so the rear view mirror can fits most cars. No Wiring from Rear to Front: The transmitter replaces the video cable which connect backup camera to monitor, and reversing image is transmitted by the wireless system directly, which free you from the complex wiring issue. AUTO VOX T1400 Upgrade Wireless Backup Camera Kit & Rear View Mirror Monitor NEW. Boscam Solar Power Wireless Rear View Backup Reversing Camera Kit 5 Min Install. AUTO-VOX 9.88” Dual Lens DVR Rear View Mirror Dash Cam + Backup Camera GPS LDWS. AUTO-VOX W7 5” Digital Wireless Backup Camera Kit Rear View Camera Waterproof. Wireless Car Rear View Backup Camera Night Vision Kit + 4.3” LCD Mirror Monitor. BOSCAM K7 LCD Wireless Rear View Camera 5 Monitor Reversing Parking Camera. AUTO-VOX M6 Mirror Dual Dash Cam Backup Camera with 4.5” Touch Screen 170° US. Auto-Vox Car Rear View Backup Camera Kit Night Vision + 4.3 LCD Mirror Monitor. Solar Wireless Reversing Camera Kit 5” Monitor + HD Rear View Backup Camera. AUTO-VOX CS-2 Wireless Car Backup Camera & 4.3 Monitor Rear View System Kit NEW. 170º CMOS Car Rear View Reverse Backup Parking Camera Waterproof Night Vision. The following factors may trigger this condition: What causes oral lichen planus is unknown, but it seems to be tied to an immune response. It’s usually a painless condition, but in some cases irritation and ulcers may develop. It can appear as raised white patches, red swollen areas, or even as sores. Oral lichen planus is a condition that can develop on the insides of your cheeks, on your gums, or on your tongue. The affected area may feel sore and can sometimes bleed. Oral thrush can appear as cream-colored lesions in many places within your mouth, including inside your cheeks, on the roof of your mouth, and on your tongue. It’s caused by a type of fungus called Candida albicans.Īnyone can get oral thrush, but it’s more common if you have a weakened immune system or underlying health conditions. In addition to HSV, a variety of other viral and bacterial infections may cause painful sores or lesions to appear inside your mouth. Subsequent outbreaks tend to be less severe than the first one. With cold sores, you may feel a burning sensation before the lesions develop. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the virus that causes cold sores.Īlthough cold sores are often associated with the lips, if you’re newly infected with the virus you may develop painful lesions on your tongue, gums, and throat. Some canker sores can be very painful, and you may also feel tingling or burning before they appear. They often appear as white lesions with a red border.Ĭanker sores can be triggered by many factors. Canker soresĪ canker sore is a small type of ulcer that you may notice inside your cheeks, around your tongue, or on the back of the roof of your mouth (soft palate). However, certain medications or an underlying health condition like diabetes can also cause it. Often, dry mouth is caused by dehydration. This can lead to a parched feeling in your mouth, as well as mouth sores, a rough tongue, and a burning sensation inside your mouth. When these glands don’t produce enough saliva it can cause dry mouth. Your salivary glands produce saliva that keeps the inside of your mouth moist. This can cause a burn to your hard palate, also known as the roof of your mouth. You can also injure your mouth by biting into food that’s too hot. This can cause pain and tenderness on the inside of your mouth. For example, if you trip and fall, you may bite into your lip or the sides of your cheeks. You may feel pain in your mouth due to an injury from an accident. Later, we take a closer look at conditions that can impact your gums or tongue, and cause pain in those areas. Pain in your mouth can occur in many locations, including the:īelow, we explore some general causes of mouth pain that can affect different areas inside your mouth. |
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